function fun(a){

    if(!a) alert("not " + a);

}

fun();   //not undefined

fun(0);    //not 0

fun("");   //not

fun(false);   //not false

fun(null);    //not null

fun(undefined);   //not undefined(undefined是关键字)

arr = [1, 2, 3]

obj = ['attr1': 1, 'attr2':2]

if(1 in arr){}

if("attr1" in obj){}          or    if(obj['attr1']){}

if(a = obj['key']){

//do something with a

}

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$sudo apt-get install virtualbox
$sudo gpasswd -a `whoami` vboxusers
$sudo apt-get install scim-bridge-client-qt    #防止输入法冲突

• 声音：声卡类型PulseAudio | ALSA Audio Driver

• USB设备：
1.
/etc/fstab 后增加
none /proc/bus/usb usbfs devgid=125,devmode=664 0 0    #devgid是用户的group id
2.
修改/etc/init.d/mountdevsubfs.sh,
        #
        # Magic to make /proc/bus/usb work
        #
        mkdir -p /dev/bus/usb/.usbfs
        domount usbfs "" /dev/bus/usb/.usbfs -obusmode=0700,devmode=0600,listmode=0644
        ln -s .usbfs/devices /dev/bus/usb/devices
        mount --rbind /dev/bus/usb /proc/bus/usb

确保vboxusers组用户有写权限：
/etc/udev/rules.d/40-base-permissions.rules
# USB devices (usbfs replacement)
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="usb_device", MODE="0664", GROUP="vboxusers"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb_device",                MODE="0664", GROUP="vboxusers"

• 主客机共享文件夹：
最好安装增强功能

#on host(ubuntu), xp为虚拟机名称，这个也可以在启动后：设备－》分配数据空间设定
$vboxmanage sharedfolder add "xp" -name "share" -hostpath ~/pub/

#on guest(windows)
net use x: \\vboxsvr\share

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• mp3乱码

#sudo apt-get install python-mutagen

#find . -iname "*.mp3" -exec mid3iconv -e GBK {} \;

• 在ubuntu中运行windows

先安装Ubuntu, 再安装virtualbox(#sudo apt-get install virtualbox),

建立虚拟机，CD Rom选择window.iso。启动即可安装windows

• Multiget安装并同firefox整合（64位)

下载并安装：http://www.getdeb.net/
同firefox的flashgot整合：［url=URL］［refer=REFERER］

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grep
参考: http://www.panix.com/~elflord/unix/grep.html
regexp in grep: \ 添加或删除special meaning
hello.gif         #match hello.gif, helloxgif
hello\.gif        #only match hello.gif            \ has escape special meaning of .
bugg\?           #match bug, bugg                \ add special meaning on ?
Fred\(eric\)    #group eric                            \ add special
[Hh]ello          #pre-define character class: [[:alpha:]]=[a-zA-Z]
"[[:digit:]]\{4\}"    #match 1234
"^hello$"            #begin with h & end with $
"this\|that"        #this or that
"<\(h[1-6]\)>[^<]*</\1>"    #<h1>xx</h1>or <h2>xxx</h2> but never <h1>xx</h2>. using back reference \N(N is a number)
"$HOME"         #actually /home/me
'$HOME'           #no special meaning

grep & egrep
grep               egrep
a\+                  a+
a\?                  a?
this\|that        this|that
\(group\)        (group)
\{m,n\}            {m,n}

vim使用

tab设定：

set tabstop=4
set softtabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4

other setting:

set number | set nonumber      #set line number

常用命令：http://www.tuxfiles.org/linuxhelp/vimcheat.html

整理自vimtutor

ctr-O                                   #go back
ctr-I                                    #go forward

:s/regex/replace/gic            #substitute on current line. g - replace all. i - ignore case. c - confirm
:1,10s/regex/replace/         #substitute from line 1~10
:%s/regex/replace/             #substitute whole file

:!pwd                                  #execute external command

:w FILENAME                       #write the file to FILENAME

:r FILE                                 #append FILE content at cursor
:r !ls                                    #execute command and append output at cursor

%             #find match ) ] }
10G          #go to line 10
R              #replace mode
yw           #copy a word
y$            #copy until line
v              #visual mode
v->select->:w PART                #save part that is selected

:set xxx            #set some function
:set ic               #ignore case when search
:set noic           
/regex\c            #ignore case for this time

:set hls             #highlight search
:set nohls

ctrl+w -> j|k        #jump up or down to another window

:help or F1        #get help
:help w
:help user-manual

word completion using ctrl+D & TAB
:set nocp            #make sure vim is not in compatible
:!l(press ctrl+D or TAB)
:ed(press ctrl+D or TAB)
:help .(press ctrl+D)

vim as python editor

add auto complete in vim for python

•  download python completion vim script :Python Omni Completion

•  put in ~/.vim/autoload or /usr/share/vim/addons/autoload

•  add following 2 line to .vimrc

au Syntax python set omnifunc=pythoncomplete#Complete
au Syntax python set completefunc=pythoncomplete#Complete

•  use ctrl+x, ctrl+o when writing python program

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--------------------------------文件系统------------------------------------
pwd
cd

cp -r /some/dir /target/dir     #将/some/dir目录下的所有文件拷贝到/target/dir
mv        #重命名或移动
rm file
rm -R dir
ls [dir | file]    #对于目录列出目录中的内容，缺省列出当前目录内容。
ls -d dir        #对于目录只列出目录本身
ls -S -r        #-S 大小排序，其他排序方式详看ls --help, -r reverse反序
mkdir -p /home/eagle/d1/d2
chmod -R [ugoa][+-][rwx] dir|file    #-R 递归设定目录中的文件。 chmod ug+rw file
chmod 755 dir|file        #8进制设定
chown owner:group dir|file

find [dir] -name "*.mp3" -exec ls -l --color=auto {} \;

tar -zcvf backup.tar.gz dir file.....        #创建压缩包
tar -ztf backup.tar.gz            #查看包内容
tar -zxvf backup.tar.gz -C /to/dir    #解压

--------------------------------系统命令------------------------------------
df -h    #查看磁盘使用
free -m    #查看内存使用，-m 为MB
top        #进程查看，进入后h可查看帮助
uname -a    #系统信息
lsb_release -a    #正在使用Linux 发行版本信息
lspci
lsusb
ps        #进程信息。常用参数aux

mount -t vfat /dev/sdb /medit/U      #挂载

-------------------软件管理--------------------------
dpkg -l                    #列出所有已经安装的包
dpkg -i some.deb            #安装some.deb
dpkg -L cron                #列出cron包有哪些文件
dpkg -S /etc/crontab        #crontab文件属于哪个包

apt-get remove zip            #删除zip包，配置文件还在
apt-get --purge remove zip    #连配置文件也删除

apt-cache search "some text"    #some text可以是包名，或者描述
apt-cache show zip                #zip安装包描述
apt-cache policy zip            #zip包安装情况

-----------------------------------------------------
man -k "list directory contents"        #列出Description 包含有list directory contents的命令
man ls

-------------------------文本----------------------------
grep PATTERN FILE
grep [ -e PATTERN | -f PATTERN_FILE ] [FILE.....]    #从PATTERN_FILE中读取pattern

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InputSteam & OutputSteam

• InputStream (InputStreamReader)

BufferedInputStream : used as other input stream's wrapper.
ByteArrayInputStream : new ByteArrayInputStream(byteContent), A ByteArrayInputStream contains an internal buffer that contains bytes that may be read from the stream.
FileInputStream : new FileInputStream(path); read file

//seldom use
DataInputStream
ObjectInputStream : Read object from stream.
PipedInputStream :
PushbackInputStream
SequenceInputStream :

• OutputStream (OutputStreamWriter)

BufferedOutputStream
ByteArrayOutputStream
FileOutputStream
PrintStream : System.out
//seldom use
DataOutputStream
ObjectOutputStream
PipedOutputStream

通常用法

InputStream bin = null;
OutputStream bout = null;
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];  //
int length;

try {
    bin = SomeInputStream();
    bout = SomeOutputStream();
   
    while((length = bin.read(buffer)) != -1) {
        bout.write(buffer, 0, length);
    }
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
    try {
        bin.close();
        bout.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

Reader & Writer

• Reader

BufferedReader
CharArrayReader
FileReader
StringReader

//较少使用
PipedReader
PushbackReader

• Writer

BufferedWriter
CharArrayWriter
FileWriter
PrintWriter
StringWriter

//少用
PipedWriter

一些说明：

PrintWriter & PrintStream 最大特点就是它们提供了格式化的功能。pw.format("%s world", "hello");

Commons IO

IOUtils

This class provides static utility methods for input/output operations.

• closeQuietly - these methods close a stream ignoring nulls and exceptions
• toXxx/read - these methods read data from a stream
• write - these methods write data to a stream
• copy - these methods copy all the data from one stream to another
• contentEquals - these methods compare the content of two streams

FileUtils

• writing to a file
• reading from a file
• make a directory including parent directories
• copying files and directories
• deleting files and directories
• converting to and from a URL
• listing files and directories by filter and extension
• comparing file content
• file last changed date
• calculating a checksum

FilenameUtils

• the prefix - C:\
• the path - dev\project\
• the full path - C:\dev\project\
• the name - file.txt
• the base name - file
• the extension - txt

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FacesContext fc = FacesContext.getCurrentInstance();

ExternalContext ec = fc.getExternalContext();

HttpServletRequest servletRequest = (HttpServletRequest)ec.getRequest();

HttpServletResponse servletResponse = (HttpServletResponse)ec.getResponse();

取得 parameter的办法

1)

String key = httpRequest.getParameter( "key" );

String value = httpRequest.getParameter( "value" );

2)

Map request = ex.getRequestParameterMap();

String key = request.get(“key”);

ExternalContext 一些方法

getRequestContextPath();      “/cmp”

getRequestServletPath();      “/ajax”

getRequestPathInfo();         “/invoke/iStoreBean.changeBasic”

ServletContext servletContext = ec.getContext();

servletContext.getRealPath(“/”);  file system path

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//how to get class

Class clazz = String.class;
clazz = int.class;

String s = "abc";
clazz = s.getClass();

clazz = Class.forName("java.util.ArrayList");

//create instance using default constructor
List list = (List) clazz.newInstance();

//isXXX
clazz.isArray();

//package
Package pkg = clazz.getPackage();

//Note: getField() & getDeclaredField()
//fields
Field field1 = clazz.getField("fieldName");            //
//get value:
field1.getXXX(obj);
//set value:
field1.setXXX(obj, value);

Field[] fields = clazz.getFields();

//constructor
Constructor con = clazz.getConstructor(String.class, int.class);
//invokd:
con.newInstance(Object...initargs)
Constructor[] cons = clazz.getConstructors();


//method
Method method = clazz.getMethod("methodName", String.class, int.class);
//invoke method
method.invoke(obj, Object...args)
Method[] ms = clazz.getMethods();

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        //split
        String s = "hello world i am 23 years";
        String[] ss = s.split("\\s");

        //replace
        s.replaceAll("\\s", "#");
        s.replaceFirst("\\d", "#");
        
        //greedy(default) & reluctant
        String greedy = "\\d*";
        String lazy = "\\d*?";       

        //Pattern & Matcher
        String phone = "my phone: 13352135478. Hers is 15984563215. call us later.";
        Pattern p = Pattern.compile("\\d{11}");
        Matcher m = p.matcher(phone);
        while(m.find()) {
            System.out.printf("find: %s, start: %d, end: %d\n", m.group(), m.start(), m.end());
        }
       
        //把整个input和regexp匹配, 类似Pattern.matches(regex, input);
       boolean wholeMatch = Pattern.matches("\\d{4}-\\d{7}", "0592-6103687");
       
        //groups
        String tel = "my tel is 0592-6103625. call me at 12:00";
        Pattern p2 = Pattern.compile("(\\d{4})-(\\d{7})");
        Matcher m2 = p2.matcher(tel);
        while(m2.find()) {
            int count = m2.groupCount();
            for(int i=0; i<=count; i++) {
                System.out.printf("group: %s. start: %d, end: %d\n", m2.group(i), m2.start(i), m2.end(i));
            }
        }
       
        //静态方法
        Pattern.matches("\\d{4}", "1125f");     //false

        Pattern.matches("\\d{4}", "1125");     //true

        //scanner
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner("xushaoxun@gmail.com mail me if you have time");

        System.out.println(scanner.next("(\\w+)@(\\w+)\\.(\\w{3})"));

Regular Expression

Character Classes

Predefined Character Classes

Quantifiers

Capturing Groups

In the expression ((A)(B(C))) , for example, there are four such groups:

1. ((A)(B(C)))
2. (A)
3. (B(C))
4. (C)

There is also a special group, group 0, which always represents the entire expression.

group function

public int start(int group)

public int end(int group)

public String group(int group)

Backreferences

The section of the input string matching the capturing group(s) is saved in memory for later recall via backreference . A backreference is specified in the regular expression as a backslash (\ ) followed by a digit indicating the number of the group to be recalled. To match any 2 digits, followed by the exact same two digits, you would use (\d\d)\1 as the regular expression

Boundary Matchers

Pattern class

static method

Pattern.matches (String regex, CharSequence input) ;

Pattern.compile (String regex, int flags) ;

instance method

Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher( CharSequence input );

pattern.split( CharSequence input) ;

java.lang.String equivalence

str.matches(regex);

String[] str.split(regex);

str.replace(regex, replacement);

Matcher class

Index Methods

Index methods provide useful index values that show precisely where the match was found in the input string:

• public int start() : Returns the start index of the previous match.
• public int start(int group) : Returns the start index of the subsequence captured by the given group during the previous match operation.
• public int end() : Returns the offset after the last character matched.
• public int end(int group) : Returns the offset after the last character of the subsequence captured by the given group during the previous match operation.

Study Methods

Study methods review the input string and return a boolean indicating whether or not the pattern is found.

• public boolean lookingAt() : Attempts to match the input sequence, starting at the beginning of the region, against the pattern.
• public boolean find() : Attempts to find the next subsequence of the input sequence that matches the pattern.
• public boolean find(int start) : Resets this matcher and then attempts to find the next subsequence of the input sequence that matches the pattern, starting at the specified index.
• public boolean matches() : Attempts to match the entire region against the pattern.

Replacement Methods

Replacement methods are useful methods for replacing text in an input string.

• public Matcher appendReplacement(StringBuffer sb, String replacement) : Implements a non-terminal append-and-replace step.
• public StringBuffer appendTail(StringBuffer sb) : Implements a terminal append-and-replace step.
• public String replaceAll(String replacement) : Replaces every subsequence of the input sequence that matches the pattern with the given replacement string.
• public String replaceFirst(String replacement) : Replaces the first subsequence of the input sequence that matches the pattern with the given replacement string.
• public static String quoteReplacement(String s) : Returns a literal replacement String for the specified String . This method produces a String that will work as a literal replacement s in the appendReplacement method of the Matcher class. The String produced will match the sequence of characters in s treated as a literal sequence. Slashes ('\' ) and dollar signs ('$' ) will be given no special meaning.

java.lang.String equivalence

str.replaceFirst(regex, replacement);

str.replaceAll(regex, replacement);

Some example:

• Use start() and end()

Pattern pat = Pattern.compile (regex );

Matcher mat = pat.matcher(input);        

while (mat.find()) {

System. out .println(mat.start());

     System. out .println(mat.end());                 

}

• Use matches() and lookAt()

            String input = "ofoooooooooooo" ;

            String regex = "foo" ;

            Pattern pat = Pattern.compile (regex);

            Matcher mat = pat.matcher(input);

            System. out .println (mat.lookingAt());      //true

            System. out .println (mat.matches());        //false

• Use appendReplacement() and   appendTail()

Pattern p = Pattern.compile("cat");

Matcher m = p.matcher("a cat");

StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

while (m.find()) {

     m.appendReplacement(sb, "dog");

}

m.appendTail(sb);

System.out.println(sb);       //just like “a cat”.replaceAll(“..”);

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public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //get the image parameter
        String img = req.getParameter("img");
        if(img == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("You must sepcify a img");
        }
       
        // Get the absolute path of the image
        ServletContext sc = getServletContext();
        String filename = sc.getRealPath(img);    //relative to /WebContent
   
        // Get the MIME type of the image
        String mimeType = sc.getMimeType(filename);
        if (mimeType == null) {
            sc.log("Could not get MIME type of "+filename);
            resp.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
            return;
        }
   
        // Set content type
        resp.setContentType(mimeType);
   
        // Set content size
        File file = new File(filename);
        resp.setContentLength((int)file.length());
   
        // Open the file and output streams
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);
        OutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
   
        // Copy the contents of the file to the output stream
        byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
        int count = 0;
        while ((count = in.read(buf)) >= 0) {
            out.write(buf, 0, count);
        }
        in.close();
        out.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException,
            IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

使用

<img src="imageServlet?img=/path/to/image.jpg"/>

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1、题目：一边……一边……
   小朋友写：他一边脱衣服，一边穿裤子。
   老师批语：他到底是要脱还是要穿啊？
   ２、题目：其中
   小朋友写：我的其中一只左脚受伤了。
   老师批语：你是蜈蚣吗？
   ３、题目：陆陆续续
   小朋友写：下班了，爸爸陆陆续续的回家了。
   老师批语：你到底有几个爸爸呀？
   ４、题目：难过
   小朋友写：我家门前有条水沟很难过。
   老师批语：老师更难过。
   ５、题目：又  又
   小朋友写：我的妈妈又矮又高又胖又瘦。
   老师批语；你的妈妈 是变形金钢吗？
   ６、题目：你看
   小朋友写：你看什么看！没看过啊
   老师批语：没看过
   ７、题目：欣欣向荣
   小朋友写：欣欣向荣荣告白。
   老师批语：连续剧不要看太多了！
   ８、题目：好吃
   小朋友写：好吃个屁。
  老师批语：有些东西是不能吃的。
   ９、题目：天真
   小朋友写：今天真热。
   老师批语：你真天真。
   10、题目：果然
   小朋友写：昨天我吃水果，然后喝凉水。
   老师批语：是词组，不能分开的。
   11、题目：先……再……，例题：先吃饭，再冼澡。
   小朋友写：先生，再见！
   老师批语：想像力超过了地球人的智慧。
   12、题目：况且
   小朋友写：一列火车经过，况且况且况且况且况且况
   老师批语：我死了算了 

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Bean:

public class User {
    private String name;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
   
}

Config

    <managed-bean>
        <managed-bean-name>user</managed-bean-name>
        <managed-bean-class>org.desert.User</managed-bean-class>
        <managed-bean-scope>session</managed-bean-scope>
    </managed-bean>

Using

Application app = FacesContext.getCurrentInstance().getApplication();
ValueBinding vb = app.createValueBinding("#{user}");

User u = (User) vb.getValue(FacesContext.getCurrentInstance());

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XHR has limitations. The big one is that url: is not cross-domain: you can't submit the request outside of the current host (eg: to url:"http://google.com" ). It is a known limitation and a common mistake when getting excited about Ajax.

dojo.xhrGet

function init(){
    dojo.xhrGet({
        url:'ajaxServlet',
        content:{param1: 'value'},
        load:function(resp, ioArgs){
            console.debug(resp);
        }
    });
}

dojo.addOnLoad(init);

Some import configurations:

url: URL to server endpoint.

load: Optional. Process what server return.

error: Optional.When error happen, call this function.

content: Optional. Contains properties with string values. These properties will be serialized as name1=value2 and passed in the request.

handleAs: Optional. how we handle what is coming back. Acceptable values are: text (default), json, json-comment-optional, json-comment-filtered, javascript, xml.返回的数据如何处理

form: the form to submit.（url和form二选一）

preventCache: Optional. Default is false. If true, then a "dojo.preventCache" parameter is sent in the request with a value that changes with each request (timestamp). Useful only with GET-type requests.

sync: Optional. false is default. Indicates whether the request should be a synchronous (blocking) request.（为true则会等这个request处理完才会继续执行)

timeout: Optional. Milliseconds to wait for the response. If this time passes, the then error callbacks are called.

dojo.xhrPost

All Dojo XHR methods are bi-directional. The only difference is the method. Using dojo.xhrPost , we use the POST method, embedding the data in the request (as opposed to the query string as with dojo.xhrGet ). 

Submit the form

<form id=”loginForm”>

       Name:<input type=”text” id=”firstName”/>

</form>

add in some JavaScript to submit the form by using dojo.connect to listen to the native onSubmit event and then post the contents of the form to an alternate URL:

var formSubmit=function(e){

       e.preventDefaut(); //prevent form submit

       dojo.xhrPost({

       url: “ajaxServlet”,

       form : “mainForm”,

       handleAs : “text”,

       handle : function(data, args){

       …………

}

});

};

dojo.addOnLoad(function({

       var theForm = dojo.byId(“loginForm”);

       dojo.connect(theForm, “onclick”, formSubmit);

}));

Getting text back from the server is nice, but the really great stuff comes when you start passing JavaScript objects around. Using a different handleAs : “json”, we can alter how Dojo handles the response data.

如何在server端取得数据

content: {a: 11, b: 22}

String p1 = request.getParameter("a");

dojo.io.iframe

一般是用来上传文件。

<script>

function sendForm(){

    url: "uploadservlet", //form's action, 如果url 或action 设定任意一个即可

    method: "post", //form's method

    form: "myForm", //form's id

    load: function(response, ioArgs){ //succeed }

}

</script>

<form id="myForm" enctype="multipart/form-data" action="uploadServlet">

    Name: <input type="text" name="name"/>

    File: <input type="file" name="theFile"/>

    <button onclick="sendForm();">Submit</button>

</form>

dojo.io.iframe实际上和dojo.xhr使用是相同的，不同的只是iframe可以用来上传文件

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1)dojo.addClass(node: DomNode|String , classStr: String )

添加某class到节点，

var node=dojo.byId('divv');

dojo.addClass('divv', 'color');

dojo.addClass(node, 's1');

2)var bool = dojo.hasClass(node: DomNode|String , classStr: String )  

3)var bool = dojo.removeClass(node: DomNode|String , classStr: String )

Removes the specified classes from node.

4)dojo.toggleClass(node: DomNode|String , classStr: String , condition: Boolean? )

添加或移除某节点的class,可以传入condition强制开或关class属性

5)dojo.style(node: DomNode|String , style: Object? , value: String? )

可传入2个或3个参数，可设定或读取style

dojo.style(‘node’, ‘color’);           //get

dojo.style(‘node’, {color: ‘red’})     //set

dojo.style(‘node’, ‘color’, ‘red’); //set

6)批量处理style，NodeList功能

dojo.query('div').style({color:'blue'});

dojo.query('div').addClass(‘className’);

dojo.query('div').removeClass(‘className’);

dojo.query('div').toggleClass(‘className’);

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特点：传入一个array, 和callback 函数，并用callback 函数循环遍历array.

callback 函数: function(item[, index, array_alias]),

item: 遍历到的array item.

index: 当前item 的下标

array_alias: array 的别名

1)   dojo.filter (array, callback[, thisObject])

数组过滤，将符合条件的item 返回到新的array.

var arr1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];

var arr2 = dojo.filter(arr1, function (item) { return item%2==0 } );   //[2, 4, 6]

2)   dojo.map(arr, callback[, thisObject]);

对数组的每个元素进行处理，返回新数组。

applies callback to each element of arr and returns an Array with the results.

var arr3 = dojo.map([1, 2, 3], function (item) { return item+1; } );   // [2, 3, 4]

3)   dojo.forEach(arr, callback[, thisObject]);

对数组每个元素都使用callback 函数。

for every item in arr, callback is invoked. Return values ignored.

dojo.forEach(arr3, function (item, index) { console.debug(item + " " + index); } );